I have been busy gathering US and world news every weekend that I think we should know about. You can find one news article here, and also more articles on my front blog pages entitled US and World News. Here is something you can listen to and watch–a video.
Jan Markell talks to Michele Bachmann for the hour. It is possible that global government could be established on the back of the World Health Organization and the United Nations. Global digital ID would be at the center of this. This will be decided in a month in Switzerland. Listen and learn of this one-world push which is outlined in the Bible and what we can do to stop this effort.
1. He will come on a day that is dark and when the power of the heavens are shaking (Matt. 24:29).
2. Heaven opens (Rev. 19:11).
3. Suddenly, He appears in the sky and sitting on a white horse; and is coming on the clouds of heaven (Matt. 24:30; 26:64; Rev. 1:7; 19:11).
4. And the armies in heaven (the angels) and the holy ones (the redeemed) will be following Him on white horses (Rev. 19:14; Zech. 14:5-6).
5. Every eye will see Him (Matt. 24:30; Rev. 1:7).
6. All the tribes of the earth will mourn Matt. 24:30; Rev. 1:7).
7. Those who are of the house of David will mourn (Zach. 12:10).
I will write now on the last five events.
8. Jesus will fight for Israel and bring them to safety (Zech. 12:9-9; 14:3-4; Rev. 12:16).Because a remnant of Israel will choose to believe in Him, He will fight for them and bring them to safely. There are two groups of Jews that He will appear to and fight for. First, there are those who earlier fled into the wilderness. And when the Antichrist comes against them, he and his armies will easily be defeated (Rev. 12:16).
A second group will be those who are trapped in Jerusalem after the city is sieged. Jesus saves them by stepping down on the Mount of Olives, causing it to split in the middle, and produces a large valley from east to west. Hence, Jesus will give them this way to escape to safety.
9. Jesus will cast the beast and the false prophet into the lake of fire (Rev. 19:20).
10. Jesus goes out to judge (to kill) all unbelievers.According to Revelation 19:20-21, after He casts the beast and the false prophet into the lake of fire, He then goes to kill the rest with the sword. There are five different references on this point.
Revelation 19:15. “From His mouth comes a sharp sword, so that with it He may strike down the nations…”
I like what John MacArthur says on this: “That the sword comes out of His mouth indicates that He wins the battle with the power of His word.”4
Revelation 19:15. “He treads the wine press of the fierce wrath of God, the Almighty.”
This is a vivid picture of judgment. And notice that Jesus is the one who is stomping on the grapes in the great wine press of God.
Revelation 19:17-18, 21. Here an angel summons birds to come to the great supper of God. Many thousands of birds will come and feast on all the dead bodies lying on the battle field.
Revelation 14:14-19. Here is a picture of Christ along with certain angels harvesting the ungodly people of the world with a sharp sickle. The harvest is illustrated first by grain and then by grapes. In both cases the harvest is ripe for judgment and ready to be reaped.
Revelation 14:20. “The wine press was trodden outside the city, and blood came out of the wine press, up to the horses bridle, for a distance of two hundred miles.” John MacArthur comments:
God will determine that this bloodbath will occur outside Jerusalem, as if God wants to protect the city from the carnage all around. Zechariah 14:1-5 makes clear that Jerusalem will be attacked, but will not be destroyed in the end, but spared for the glory of the kingdom, and the believing remnant will be saved…5
11. A description of what happens to those who will go to war against Jerusalem (from Zechariah 14:12-15).From this passage we see three things that will happen to all people that go to war against Jerusalem. These things we may recognize as curses that were promised by God to Abraham in Genesis 12:3: “And I will bless those who bless you, and the one who curses you I will curse.’
The first curse we see is a plague on all the people as well as their animals (vv. 12, 15): “…their flesh will rot while they stand on their feet, and their eyes will rot in their sockets, and their tongue will rot in their mouth.”
The second thing that will happen is this: “It will come about in that day that a great panic from the LORD will fall on them; and they will seize one another’s hand, and the hand of one will be lifted against the hand of another” (v. 13).
Thirdly, God will energize the Jews who remain in Jerusalem to fight; and they will capture the wealth of the surrounding nations (gold, silver and garments). I take it that this will happen right before they escape to safety through the valley (Zech. 14:4-5).
12. A description of the positive changes made after the Tribulation (Zech. 14:6-11).In these verses God reveals to us that there will be some differences in the earth and in the people—positive differences (We don’t know how wide spread these differences will be, whether it will be only to Israel, or to the entire world. It is my guess that we will see the differences mainly in Israel, but in some cases to the entire world.) Here are five things that will be different.
The lights (vv. 6-7). “In that day there will be no light, the luminaries will dwindle. For it will be a unique day which is known to the LORD, neither day nor night, but it will come about that at evening time there will be light.”
From these verses it seems that after the Tribulation the Lord will create something new for the earth (for all the earth)—which will endure throughout the millennial kingdom. Here we see that there will be a change in the light. It seems that out present light source, from the sun and moon, will be changed. According to Isaiah 60:19-20, we will see by the light of Christ’s glory; and only He knows the full extent of what it will be like (read Isa. 30:26).
The water (v. 8). “And in that day living waters will flow out of Jerusalem, half of them toward the eastern sea and the other half toward the western sea; it will be in summer as well as in winter” (Read also Ezek. 47:1-2; Joel 3:18; Jn. 7:38; and Rev. 2 2 :1-2). It will be glorious to drink of the “living water” in that day. The source of it will be from the temple of God in Jerusalem. It will flow all over the land of Israel, and possibly also in all other lands of the world. There will be no more pollution and sickness caused by water. Instead, the water will bring health to all the fish of the sea and to all the plants and fruit trees for a healing. It will be wonderful.
One religion (v. 9). “And the LORD will be king over all the earth; in that day the LORD will be the only one, and His name the only one.” John MacArthur comments:
There will be only one religion in the entire world during the millennial reign of Christ. Ruling with a rod of iron, Christ will have done away with all false religions spawned by Satan. This will be the ultimate fulfillment of the Abrahamic Covenant providing a Jewish people, the nation of Israel, and the land given to Abraham; the Davidic Covenant which promised a king from the tribe of Judah and the line of David; and the New Covenant which held out the hope of spiritual redemption for Jew and Gentile. All of this will be fulfilled in and by the Lord Jesus Christ.6
The land (v. 10). “All of the land will be changed into a plain from Geba to Rimmon south of Jerusalem; but Jerusalem will rise and remain on its site from Benjamin’s Gates far as the place of the First Gate to the Corner Gate, and from the Tower of Hananel to the king’s wine presses.”
The great earthquake (from the seventh bowl) will change not only the land of Israel, but all the earth’s land in preparation for the coming millennial kingdom (Rev. 16:20; Isa 40:4-5).
Security (v. 11). “People will live in it, and there will no longer be a curse, for Jerusalem will dwell in security.”
After the Tribulation is over, and because Jesus has come and is king over all the earth, all people will dwell in security.
4 John MacArthur, John MacArthur’s notes on Revelation 19:15.
Jesus can come any day to bring us to heaven. I mean nothing needs to happen for Him to come. However, many of the signs of His soon return are evident–telling us that His return will be soon. One of those signs are the third Jewish temple to be put in place. It appears that one of the temple obstacles is now fixed. In my book of 2020, After the Rapture, I write,
The ashes of a red heifer were commanded by God and used to purify the Jewish priests for Temple service during the time of the Tabernacle and the two former Temples (Nu. 19:1-10). However, since the destruction of the second Temple, there has not been a red heifer in Israel.
But recently, since hope has been revived for a Third Temple, the need for a red heifer is paramount for the spiritual cleansing of priests who will be serving in the Temple. Thanks to Jewish ingenuity there is great hope for the breeding of red heifers. According to an article in the Jewish Voice, Rabbi Richman has been heading up a project to restore the red heifer. He and other rabbis have been partnering with an Israeli cattleman and are using a technique of implanting frozen embryos of Red Angus cattle into Israeli domestic cattle.33 As far as we know, it seems to be working—but time will tell.
Well, guess what? The time has come. Five red heifers have arrived in Israel. According to a recent article,
The Temple Institute and Boneh Israel made a huge step towards reinstating the Temple service on Thursday when five red heifers landed at Ben Gurion International Airport.00:00
:13. The red heifer was the main component in the Biblically mandated process of ritual purification for impurity that results from proximity or contact with a dead body. Because the elements needed for this ceremony have been lacking since the destruction of the Second Temple, all Jews today are considered ritually impure, thereby preventing the return of the Temple service. The Temple Institute launched its Red Heifer program about a decade ago, led by Rabbi Azariah Ariel. (To continue reading this article click here.)
Keep looking up! His coming is very soon!
33 Dr. Randall Price, “Update On the Building of the Third Temple.”
There is a man that I, for many years, have regarded highly for his knowledge of the bible and his doctrine. But recently I have discovered how he believes in future things. To me his eschatology is wrong. And because of that I have been sulking. I feel so disappointed in him. How can such a brilliant man be so wrong on this—not to believe in the rapture of the church?
I heard a 45-minute sermon by him on Daniel 9:24-27. He took it bit by bit, and he explained the pre-tribulation rapture view perfectly; and then, in just a few minutes, rejected it and taught his preterist view. He just couldn’t except that there is a gap of time between the 69th and 70th week. And he gave the lamest reasons. And then he preceded to cut down the rapture view and said that it all started in 1830 by someone’s vision. You may be aware of all the stories.
But since my great disappointment, and after much prayer, I have come to except that he is just a man who, like us all, is not perfect. And though I think he is wrong with his eschatology (and I try to keep an open mind), he is still very brilliant in his knowledge of the bible and a true believer. And like most scholars his age (he died in 1981), he just missed some of the best teaching on the pre-tribulation rapture. And I do believe that all those who were great scholars of the 1700s and 1800s didn’t hear too much about the rapture either.
But just because a doctrine comes late doesn’t mean that it is wrong. The belief in the rapture is fairly new, yet we believe that it is a correction of the error that the church has had for centuries. I think the apostle Paul has given us a good explanation of the rapture. But it is too bad that just a couple centuries later it was explained away by allegorical views.
But thank God, errors in eschatology will not disqualify a person for salvation. Though some will miss the joy of expecting Him, we who are believers will all meet together in the air before Him—regardless of how we believed.
I’m writing this at McDonalds—the one near me. They are finally open for service after months and months. It has been one of my favorite hang-outs, where I can do my reading and blogging.
Today is Sunday. I love to come and worship with friends at my church. And the pastor always has a good message. But I hate it that he is missing so much in his doctrine in that he doesn’t ever preach on bible prophecy or the coming of Christ. As you know, I write on that subject frequently. For some reason I think God has called me to stay in this church. I am strong enough in my faith and beliefs that I will not be affected, and maybe someday I will speak up (to him and others) more on what I believe. But for now, I feel content in just writing about it. That almost sounds hypocritical, but I’m not sure that bible prophecy is something to be used as a witnessing tool or to be preached just for the sake of sounding my futuristic beliefs. It seems that when Paul wrote about it, it was always in response to a problem (1 Thess. 4) or as a matter of the course of his doctrinal message (1 Cor. 15). Anyway, I pray that someday soon I will be more vocal and excited about His soon coming. It is just really hard to do now since so many have different views and many reject the Rapture of the church. I know that that is not a good excuse for me. I kind of wish that I was more like Hal Lindsey. When he was younger, he used to preach outside in the open on college campuses about the rapture and future things. That was when he wrote his famous book, The Late Great Planet Earth. As far as I know he is still alive (about 90 years old) and he has a weekly program on line. God bless him.
Have you ever considered why God thought it necessary to come to the earth some day and rule over the earth for 1000 years? These five purposes, presented in no certain order, will give you a good foundation of knowledge as to the reasons for the millennial kingdom.
To restore harmony to His creation. Certainly, all things will be put in order after the millennium, when God creates a new heaven and a new earth. So why is there a need to try to restore harmony to this present creation? Or why is there a need for the millennium at all? I don’t have all the answers, but what I have gathered from my reading is that there is a need to preserve God’s character in our mind, that it will not be said or thought of God that He started a work on this earth that He could not complete. Therefore…
Iran’s Foreign Minister Javad Zarif was very content during a trip to Turkey on Friday. He said it was productive and smiled alongside his Turkish counterpart Mevlut Cavusoglu. He said it was a “wonderful” trip where he spoke with his “brother Cavusoglu.”
The trip signals the growing alliance that Turkey and Iran have in the region.
Zarif said: “As before, constructive engagement on bilateral and regional issues. Ultimate aim: Apply Iran and Turkey’s experience of 400 years of peace to our region. Together, anything is possible.”
In the above article on Koening’s World Watch Daily, originally from The Jerusalem Post, the picture above tells much more than most people would think. It is a sign of the coming Ezekiel 38-39 war against Israel. As the map below shows, this war will be an invasion of Israel from the three countries mentioned, Russia, Turkey and Iran, plus three other countries further south: Libya, Sudan and Ethiopia.
Many think that this war\invasion will happen just before or after the Rapture of the church—but more likely after it. Read Ezekiel 38-39 (below) to get the full impact of the dramatic event. And notice the outcome: God gets a glorious victory and Israel is not harmed.
Ezekiel 38-39
The word of the Lord came to me: 2 “Son of man, set your face against Gog, of the land of Magog, the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal; prophesy against him 3 and say: ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: I am against you, O Gog, chief prince of Meshech and Tubal. 4 I will turn you around, put hooks in your jaws and bring you out with your whole army — your horses, your horsemen fully armed, and a great horde with large and small shields, all of them brandishing their swords. 5 Persia, Cush and Put will be with them, all with shields and helmets, 6 also Gomer with all its troops, and Beth Togarmah from the far north with all its troops — the many nations with you.
7 “‘Get ready; be prepared, you and all the hordes gathered about you, and take command of them. 8 After many days you will be called to arms. In future years you will invade a land that has recovered from war, whose people were gathered from many nations to the mountains of Israel, which had long been desolate. They had been brought out from the nations, and now all of them live in safety. 9 You and all your troops and the many nations with you will go up, advancing like a storm; you will be like a cloud covering the land.
10 “‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: On that day thoughts will come into your mind and you will devise an evil scheme. 11 You will say, “I will invade a land of unwalled villages; I will attack a peaceful and unsuspecting people — all of them living without walls and without gates and bars. 12 I will plunder and loot and turn my hand against the resettled ruins and the people gathered from the nations, rich in livestock and goods, living at the center of the land.” 13 Sheba and Dedan and the merchants of Tarshish and all her villages will say to you, “Have you come to plunder? Have you gathered your hordes to loot, to carry off silver and gold, to take away livestock and goods and to seize much plunder?” ‘
14 “Therefore, son of man, prophesy and say to Gog: ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: In that day, when my people Israel are living in safety, will you not take notice of it? 15 You will come from your place in the far north, you and many nations with you, all of them riding on horses, a great horde, a mighty army. 16 You will advance against my people Israel like a cloud that covers the land. In days to come, O Gog, I will bring you against my land, so that the nations may know me when I show myself holy through you before their eyes.
17 “‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: Are you not the one I spoke of in former days by my servants the prophets of Israel? At that time they prophesied for years that I would bring you against them. 18 This is what will happen in that day: When Gog attacks the land of Israel, my hot anger will be aroused, declares the Sovereign Lord. 19 In my zeal and fiery wrath I declare that at that time there shall be a great earthquake in the land of Israel. 20 The fish of the sea, the birds of the air, the beasts of the field, every creature that moves along the ground, and all the people on the face of the earth will tremble at my presence. The mountains will be overturned, the cliffs will crumble and every wall will fall to the ground. 21 I will summon a sword against Gog on all my mountains, declares the Sovereign Lord. Every man’s sword will be against his brother. 22 I will execute judgment upon him with plague and bloodshed; I will pour down torrents of rain, hailstones and burning sulfur on him and on his troops and on the many nations with him. 23 And so I will show my greatness and my holiness, and I will make myself known in the sight of many nations. Then they will know that I am the Lord.’
Chapter 39
“Son of man, prophesy against Gog and say: ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: I am against you, O Gog, chief prince of Meshech and Tubal. 2 I will turn you around and drag you along. I will bring you from the far north and send you against the mountains of Israel. 3 Then I will strike your bow from your left hand and make your arrows drop from your right hand. 4 On the mountains of Israel you will fall, you and all your troops and the nations with you. I will give you as food to all kinds of carrion birds and to the wild animals. 5 You will fall in the open field, for I have spoken, declares the Sovereign Lord. 6 I will send fire on Magog and on those who live in safety in the coastlands, and they will know that I am the Lord.
7 “‘I will make known my holy name among my people Israel. I will no longer let my holy name be profaned, and the nations will know that I the Lord am the Holy One in Israel. 8 It is coming! It will surely take place, declares the Sovereign Lord. This is the day I have spoken of.
9 “‘Then those who live in the towns of Israel will go out and use the weapons for fuel and burn them up — the small and large shields, the bows and arrows, the war clubs and spears. For seven years they will use them for fuel. 10 They will not need to gather wood from the fields or cut it from the forests, because they will use the weapons for fuel. And they will plunder those who plundered them and loot those who looted them, declares the Sovereign Lord.
11 “‘On that day I will give Gog a burial place in Israel, in the valley of those who travel east toward the Sea. It will block the way of travelers, because Gog and all his hordes will be buried there. So it will be called the Valley of Hamon Gog.
12 “‘For seven months the house of Israel will be burying them in order to cleanse the land. 13 All the people of the land will bury them, and the day I am glorified will be a memorable day for them, declares the Sovereign Lord.
14 “‘Men will be regularly employed to cleanse the land. Some will go throughout the land and, in addition to them, others will bury those that remain on the ground. At the end of the seven months they will begin their search. 15 As they go through the land and one of them sees a human bone, he will set up a marker beside it until the gravediggers have buried it in the Valley of Hamon Gog. 16 (Also a town called Hamonah will be there.) And so they will cleanse the land.’
17 “Son of man, this is what the Sovereign Lord says: Call out to every kind of bird and all the wild animals: ‘Assemble and come together from all around to the sacrifice I am preparing for you, the great sacrifice on the mountains of Israel. There you will eat flesh and drink blood. 18 You will eat the flesh of mighty men and drink the blood of the princes of the earth as if they were rams and lambs, goats and bulls — all of them fattened animals from Bashan. 19 At the sacrifice I am preparing for you, you will eat fat till you are glutted and drink blood till you are drunk. 20 At my table you will eat your fill of horses and riders, mighty men and soldiers of every kind,’ declares the Sovereign Lord.
21 “I will display my glory among the nations, and all the nations will see the punishment I inflict and the hand I lay upon them. 22 From that day forward the house of Israel will know that I am the Lord their God. 23 And the nations will know that the people of Israel went into exile for their sin, because they were unfaithful to me. So I hid my face from them and handed them over to their enemies, and they all fell by the sword. 24 I dealt with them according to their uncleanness and their offenses, and I hid my face from them.
25 “Therefore this is what the Sovereign Lord says: I will now bring Jacob back from captivity and will have compassion on all the people of Israel, and I will be zealous for my holy name. 26 They will forget their shame and all the unfaithfulness they showed toward me when they lived in safety in their land with no one to make them afraid. 27 When I have brought them back from the nations and have gathered them from the countries of their enemies, I will show myself holy through them in the sight of many nations. 28 Then they will know that I am the Lord their God, for though I sent them into exile among the nations, I will gather them to their own land, not leaving any behind. 29 I will no longer hide my face from them, for I will pour out my Spirit on the house of Israel, declares the Sovereign Lord.”
Here are four different colored horsed depicting four different things that will occur in the future, from Revelation 6:1-8
And He took the twelve aside and said to them, “Behold, we are going up to Jerusalem, and all things which are written through the prophets about the Son of Man will be accomplished. 32 “For He will be delivered to the Gentiles, and will be mocked and mistreated and spit upon, 33 and after they have scourged Him, they will kill Him; and the third day He will rise again. ” 34 And they understood none of these things, and this saying was hidden from them, and they did not comprehend the things that were said (Luke 18:31-34).
In the above text Jesus foretells to His disciples His death and resurrection. And, in verse 34, we see that what He was telling them kind of went into one ear and out the other. They just didn’t get it. The full meaning was hidden from them. Why? Here are two reasons:
1. Because they weren’t ready or willing to except it. They were expecting His kingdom to come soon and they couldn’t believe that it would not come in their lifetime—and that He would soon die. They weren’t ready for that and couldn’t believe it. So, in their mind they rejected it.
2.So that Scripture would be fulfilled without interference. If they had partially understood, certainly things would have been different. They may have organized a protest. Or on the other extreme, if they had fully understood, Peter wouldn’t have denied Him, etc. But God could not let either of those things happen. Scripture had to be fulfilled as written. He must suffer and die as written in the prophets, so that our salvation would occur as promised—to all those that believe.
Applied to Us Today
In this day, just as in New Testament times, many believers, even pastors, in the same way do not understand the prophetic words of Scripture. It is mysteriously hidden from them. I remember one time when I was speaking to my pastor about a passage in Daniel 9. I don’t remember all the details of what was spoken (it was a long time ago), but I remember him saying to me, “What in the world are you talking about?” What I was saying just wasn’t registering to him, and he refused to listen to me. I see now that he, and many like him, are blinded from the truth of Bible prophecy. It is hidden from them.
Why is it hidden from them? Partly because they do not take the time to study it. Also, providentially speaking, if they did fully understand, the prophetic word of God would not play out as decreed in Scripture. Things would happen to incorrectly delay (or speed up) His coming and to change Scripture. But that cannot happen and will not happen. Hence, we must not be upset over all those who do not understand Bible prophecy; for it is in the providential will of God in order that all Scripture be fulfilled.
However, I’m sure that it is God’s will that as many as are willing to study the prophetic Scripture, He will help them; He will help that select few, to find the truth about what has been said in regard to future things.
How Christians Can Begin to Understand Bible Prophecy
If you think you are one of God’s chosen few who will come to understand future things, I think I can help you. Here are two good websites to aid you:
This is one of the best sites for Bible prophecy information, as well as to get a correct Christian world view. The thing that I really like on this site is the weekly, on line, radio show where Jan Markell (the founder) interviews one or two bible prophecy experts.
Founder Bill Koenig is a Christian White House news journalist. From this site you will get the best up to date White House and world news from a Christian perspective. It is the best news source I know of.
Bible prophecy scholars say that the United States is not a player in the end times. There seems to be no key role that the U. S. will play. Here are five reasons why we see this happening:
1. The U. S. may have a President that doesn’t take a stand on anything. Thus, the U. S. may just blend in with the rest of the world. If Biden becomes our next President, we definitely see this happening.
2. Bill Barr is now saying that there is no wide spread evidence of voter fraud. That is hard to hear. He is wrong. There is plenty evidence—a lot of it. Evidently, he is looking to stay in his position in a Biden administration.
3. Many judges are not doing their jobs. Some are refusing to even look at the voter fraud evidence.
4. The media is praising Biden and Harris and what they intend to bring to America. Thus, they are casting a cloud of delusion over America.
5. The Rapture of the Church may soon occur. With all Christians gone, how will America survive? There will be no true spiritual voice, no true guidance. America will be easily taken over by Communism. We already see this happening.
America seems to be headed for disaster. However, for the Christian, we can look up and rejoice because our redemption draws near!
I just recently got to know Don Stewart. He has written quite a few books, mainly on bible prophecy and current events. I have been listening to his daily Breaking News podcast. It’s quite informative and I thought I would pass a few of his News tidbits on to you. Most of it is not word for word, but is accurate.
Minneapolis crime wave. Minneapolis city council is alarmed by a surg in crime (assaults, robbery, and homicides) months after voting to defund the police. This is news that is close to me. Though I don’t live in the city, I’m not far from the city limits.
Coronavirus made in a lab. A Dr Li-Meng Yan, a Chinese virologist, said that Covid-19 was made in a lab in Wuhan, China; and she has evidence to show it. Recently she has been black listed from Twitter. Apparently, many, especially Chinese people, are quite upset with her for spilling the beans.
AG Barr has made a controversial comment. William Barr said recently that the Nation-wide stay-at-home-orders to prevent the spread of Coronavirus have been the greatest intrusion on civil liberties in American history other than slavery.Don Stewart made a point especially about many churches not being able to meet. John MacArthur has been in the news a lot lately and has been threatened with fines and even jail time. MacArthur jokingly shrugged it off saying that he always wanted to be involved in a prison ministry. Personally, I think John MacArthur is a bold warrior for the Lord, and I usually always trust what he says in his messages.
Oregon protests and riots have backfired. According to recent polls, two-thirds of Oregon voters disapprove of BLM and protests; and Trump has a higher rating in Oregon than their own governor and mayors. It would be so good for Oregon to get some new, republican leaders installed.
Stephen Nielsen 